October 12, 2011

Japanese Revelations {Particle に}

So most people, if they've been studying Japanese faithfully and learning the major particles like a good boy/girl, know that に can be used to indicate at what time an event takes place (not 'from __, to __', that's different), or to indicate where an action took place. However, just a little bit ago I found out that it can also be used to indicate the WHY of an action. For example,

田中さんはこれを買いました。
たなかさんはこれをかいました。
Tanaka-san bought this.

But what if you want to say WHY he bought it? Or you want to say WHY he went to the store in the first place and use the phrase 'to buy this' as the explanation? This is where に comes in.

田中さんは私の誕生日にこれを買いました。
たなかさんはわたしのたんじょうびにこれをかいました。
Tanaka-san bought this for my birthday. (Lit: Tanaka-san bought this for the purpose of my birthday.)

So you can use に with nouns in this way, but it's even more useful to use it with VERBS.
Don't tell me. You're groaning, saying 'PLEASE no, not verb stems and the -て form and all that complicatedness!'
Well then, I have to things to say to you:
1) It's not that hard, I promise!
2) 'Complicatedness' isn't a word. //shot

But (2) aside, let's look at (1).

Yes, it's still verbs from a foreign language, so it won't be EASY, per se, but I can assure you -- all you need to know is the -ます form of the verb. I've been taking Japanese for about 2 years now, with about half a year of official lessons, and I'm actually starting to develop an ear for the right way to add -ます to a verb, so I can promise you it's not impossible to do. (But listening to anime does help, as there is a lot of that talk from the lower-rank people to their superiors!)
ANYWAYS, this is what you do.
1) Take basic form of verb: 読む (よむ).
A nice, generic, well-used verb. ^^
2) Make the verb into its -ます form: 読みます (よみます).
(For the haters and those of you who are wondering, yes, I did choose a u-verb for the example, as ru-verbs are easy to convert to their -ます form: you just chop off the る at the end, and what's the fun in making it easy???)
3) Chop off the -ます.
Yes you read right. It may be easier for some of you just to take the root of the verb, but for me it's a lot easier to make it a -ます and THEN change it. So now we have: 読み.
4) Add に: 読みに.
See? Making it hard in Step 2 is balanced by the utter easiness in Step 4!
5) Add the verb of the thing the person/thing actually did that the に-verb is explaining: 読みに行きます.
So this mega-combo-verb would mean 'goes in order to read (books/magazines/etc.)' with an optional 'to (place)' thrown in their for the clarification of the listener.

Now you can make a sentence like this:

鈴木さんは図書館に本を読みに行きます。
すずきさんはとしょかんにほんをよみにいきます。
Suzuki-san goes to the library to read books. (Lit: Suzuki-san goes to the library for the purpose of reading books.)

I hope to God that made sense, but if it doesn't, you can always go here and scroll down to the last section. ^^

Enjoy!

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